Sélection de patientes et tolérance précoce de l’irradiation mammaire selon le protocole « Fast Forward » : résultats préliminaires

PurposeModerate hypofractionated radiotherapy has become routine practice for a selected population of patients treated for early-stage breast cancer. In April 2020, the Fast Forward (FF) study was published which introduced another extreme hypofractionated radiotherapy regimen in five sessions over a week. The aim of this work is to evaluate the population of first patients in whom this regimen was used in our department, as well as the results in terms of early toxicity.Material and methodsWe retrospectively analysed all the patients treated in our department according to the Fast Forward protocol after establishing an institutional consensus regarding the selection of patients with breast cancer without indication for lymph node irradiation. All patients received breast-only irradiation at a total dose of 26 Gy in five fractions according to protocol. All patients were treated by modern conformational techniques with planning large volume coverage between 95 and 100%. Acute toxicity of the treatment was assessed using the NCI CTC v4.0 scale and the general condition was assessed according to the WHO classification.ResultsBetween August 2020 and May 2021, 30 patients were included, treated on the breast alone without complement on the tumour bed or irradiation of the lymph node areas. The median age of the patients was 80 years (range: 60–85 years) with performance status 2 in 27 cases (89%). Only one patient had metastatic disease (3%), one patient presented locally advanced and 28 (94%) patients had early stage disease. Three patients (10%) were treated in dorsal decubitus according to the “field in the field” technique and 27 patients (90%) in isocentric lateral decubitus, which made it possible to avoid the organs at risk such as the heart (average dose of less than 1 Gy) and the lungs. The early toxicity observed was grade I radio dermatitis in 8 patients (27%). No grade 2 and 3 toxicity, as well as radiation-induced pain or lymphedema were observed.ConclusionsThe results of this series of patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy according to the Fast Forward protocol on the breast alone with adapted techniques show that the protocol is feasible, with little early toxicity but a greater follow-up is necessary to assess long-term toxicity.     

What information can we gain from performing adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients from the past 10 years?

The aim of the review was to present the current literature status about replanning regarding anatomical and dosimetric changes in the target and OARs in the head and neck region during radiotherapy, to discuss and to analyze factors influencing the decision for adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients. Significant progress has been made in head and neck patients’ evaluation and qualification for adapted radiotherapy over the past ten years. Many factors leading to anatomical and dosimetric changes during treatment have been identified. Based on the literature, the most common factors triggering re-plan are weight loss, tumor and nodal changes, and parotid glands shrinkage. The fluctuations in dose distribution in the clinical area are significant predictive factors for patients’ quality of life and the possibility of recovery. It has been shown that re-planning influence clinical outcomes: local control, disease free survival and overall survival. Regarding literature studies, it seems that adaptive radiotherapy would be the most beneficial for tumors of immense volume or those in the nearest proximity of the OARs. All researchers agree that the timing of re-planning is a crucial challenge, and there are still no clear consensus guidelines for time or criteria of re-planning. Nowadays, thanks to significant technological progress, the decision is mostly made based on observation and supported with IGRT verification. Although further research is still needed, adaptive strategies are evolving and now became the state of the art of modern radiotherapy.     

Baicalin attenuates inflammatory pain associated depressive symptoms via Akt-mediated adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Metabolic Brain Disease - Depression is one of main symptoms accompanying thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia induced by inflammatory pain. On physiological level, depressive symptoms...     

Effects of green coffee bean extract on C-reactive protein levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background & objective: The effects of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers have been widely spread. The purpose of this article was to assess the impact of GCBE supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.MethodsThe literature search was performed in four databases (Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) to identify studies that examined the influence of GCBE supplementation on CRP levels up to August 2019. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the outcomes were used to estimate the weight mean difference (WMD) between intervention and control groups for the follow-up period.ResultsFive (5) studies, with 6 arms, reported CRP as an outcome. Statistically, the use of GCBE supplements resulted in a significant change in CRP levels (WMD: −0.017 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.032, −0.003, p = 0.018), whose overall findings were obtained from random-effects model. In addition, a significantly greater reduction in CRP was noted for studies with doses of GCBE supplements ≥ 1000 mg/d (WMD: −0.015 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.020, −0.010, p < 0.000), length of intervention < 4 weeks (WMD: -0.015 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.020, −0.010, p < 0.001), and for non-healthy subjects (WMD: −0.019 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −0.027, −0.011, p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were the ailments of the studies that encompassed non-healthy patients.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that the use of GCBE supplements resulted in a statistical decrease in CRP levels, mainly for non-healthy subjects. However, due to the limited number of studies, further randomized clinical trials are crucial in this regard.     

直线加速器日质控数据分析及过程评估

目的 应用统计过程控制方法对加速器日质控(QC)数据进行分析,并对使用晨检仪的QC过程进行评估。方法 加速器、晨检仪校准后分别收集由技师、物理师摆位的100组、30组QC数据,设备第2次校准后再次收集技师摆位的QC数据100组,分析两次校准后技师摆位数据(各100组)的归一化信噪比的变化规律。使用由技师和物理师摆位的QC数据(各30组)绘制控制图,比较中心线位置和上下控制线范围的不同。计算由技师、物理师摆位的3个组日QC的过程能力指数。结果 两次校准的技师摆位数据归一化信噪比均为前6周变化较大,6~8周后趋于稳定,8周后逐渐变小。物理师摆位的QC数据在输出量一致性方面,上下控制线范围更窄;在平坦度、对称性方面,中心线更接近目标值0。对输出量一致性、平坦度方面,3个组日QC的过程能力指数均满足≥1要求;对称性Transverse方向均不满足。结论 应采用30~40个数据点绘制加速器日QC过程的控制图。QC过程应由相对固定且较少的QC人员完成,检测项目也应设置更适合的容差。     

口腔健康素养测量工具的构建及验证

目的: 构建口腔健康素养（Oral Health Literacy,OHL）测量工具,并对其进行信度和结构效度检验,为我国居民口腔健康素养评估提供科学工具。方法: 采用方便抽样方法,于2020年3月—4月选择山西省太原市小店区某社区的常住人口为调查对象,通过文献查阅、专家咨询和认知访谈,形成口腔健康素养测量工具。采用SPSS 22.0和AMOS 22.0软件包进行一般人口学特征描述、Spearman秩相关、项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析信度和结构效度检验,同时计算Cronbach's α系数,对量表进行评价与验证。结果: 共发放问卷1 000份,回收有效问卷858份,通过项目分析和探索性因子分析,形成含基本技能、信息相关能力、口腔健康维持能力、个人特征、社会支持5个维度共90个条目的OHL量表。各条目分与所在维度分相关（r=0.250~0.744,P<0.001）,验证性因子分析结果显示,模型的整体适配指数可接受,其中χ²/df=2.785,RMSEA=0.057（95%CI：0.052~0.0762）,IFI=0.931,TLI=0.856,CFI=0.895,总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.899,各个维度的Cronbach α系数位于0.709~0.920之间。结论: 本研究构建的口腔健康素养测量工具具有良好的信度和结构效度,可供口腔工作者在预防、治疗、健康教育等工作中应用。     

Survival among Breast Cancer Patients: Comparison of the U.S. Military Health System with the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results Program

IntroductionAccessibility to health care is important to cancer survival. The U.S. military health system (MHS) provides universal health care access. However, whether the universal care has been translated into improved cancer survival is unknown. We compared survival of patients with breast cancer in the MHS with that in the U.S. general population and assessed the differences in cancer stage at diagnosis and treatment receipt between the two populations.MethodsThe MHS patients (n = 31,548) were identified from the Department of Defense's (DoD) Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR). Patients in the U.S. general population (n = 63,096) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The two populations were matched on age, race, and diagnosis year. Multivariable Cox regression hazard modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing ACTUR with SEER. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) comparing stage and treatment receipt.ResultsACTUR patients exhibited a 24% lower overall mortality than the SEER patients (HR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.71-0.80). They were less likely to present with later stage compared to the SEER patients (OR = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.55-0.67 for stage IV tumors). The ACTUR patients with stages I-III tumors were more likely to receive surgery (OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.20-1.52) but less likely to receive radiation (OR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.88-0.94). The survival advantage of ACTUR patients remained regardless of surgery or radiation receipt.ConclusionsBreast cancer patients with universal health care access had improved survival compared to patients in the general population.     

通腑茯苓饮联合电针治疗大鼠骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的作用机制研究

目的 探究通腑茯苓饮联合电针通过神经生长因子（NGF）-神经生长因子受体（TrkA）信号通路对大鼠骶上脊髓损伤（SSCI）后神经源性膀胱（NB）的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用随机数字表法将45只雌性大鼠分为对照组（8只）和实验组（37只）。实验组37只大鼠先复制SSCI模型,再复制SSCI后NB模型,其中5只大鼠模型复制失败,其余32只大鼠随机分为模型组、通腑茯苓饮组、电针组及联合组,每组8只。通腑茯苓饮组给予通腑茯苓饮6.25 g/（kg·d）灌胃处理;电针组对长强穴和维胞穴进行电针治疗,留针20 min,1次/d;联合组同时予以2种治疗;对照组与模型组给予等量的生理盐水,均连续治疗14 d。检测各组大鼠膀胱重量、残余尿量及尿流动力学指标,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察脊髓组织病理变化并进行病理学评分,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应和Western blotting检测大鼠脊髓组织NGF、TrkA mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组、通腑茯苓饮组、电针组及联合组大鼠膀胱重量、残余尿量增加,膀胱漏尿点压力、病理评分升高（P <0.05）,膀胱顺应性降低,膀胱最大容量减少,NGF、TrkA mRNA和蛋白相对表达量降低（P <0.05）;与模型组比较,通腑茯苓饮组、电针组及联合组的膀胱重量、残余尿量减少,膀胱漏尿点压力、病理评分降低（P <0.05）,膀胱顺应性升高,膀胱最大容量增加,NGF、TrkA mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高（P <0.05）;与通腑茯苓饮组比较,电针组及联合组的膀胱重量、残余尿量减少,膀胱漏尿点压力、病理评分降低（P <0.05）,膀胱顺应性升高,膀胱最大容量增加,NGF、TrkA mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高（P <0.05）;与电针组比较,联合组的膀胱重量、残余尿量减少、膀胱漏尿点压力、病理评分降低（P <0.05）,膀胱顺应性升高,膀胱最大容量增加,NGF、TrkA mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高（P <0.05）。结论 通腑茯苓饮联合电针能改善SSCI后NB大鼠膀胱功能,其作用机制可能与NGF-TrkA信号通路有关。